- Electric charges and their conservation
- Coulomb’s law-force between two point charges
- Superposition principle and continuous charge distribution
- Electric field
- Electric potential & potential difference
- Statement of Gauss’s theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire
- Dielectrics and electric polarization
- Conductors and insulators
- Van de Graaff generator
- Capacitors and capacitance
| - Electric current
- Electrical resistivity
- Internal resistance of a cell
- Combination of cells in series and in parallel Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications
- Wheatstone bridge
- Electrical energy and power
- Drift velocity and mobility
- Temperature dependence of resistance
- Potential difference
- Ohm’s law
- Potential difference and emf of a cell
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Unit 3: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism | Unit 4: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents |
- Concept of magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment
- Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop
- Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight, and toroidal solenoids
- Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields
- Cyclotron force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field
- Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere
- Torque experienced by a current loop in a magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter
- Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment
- Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron
- Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis
- Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines
- Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements
- Para-, dia-, and ferro-magnetic substances, with examples
- Electromagnetic and factors affecting their strengths
- Permanent magnets
| - Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced emf and current
- Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents
- Self and mutual inductance
- Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/ voltage
- Reactance and impedance
- LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only)
- LCR series circuit, resonance
- Power in AC circuits, wattless current
- AC generator and transformer
|
Unit 5: Electromagnetic Waves | Unit 6: Optics |
- Need for displacement current
- Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative ideas only)
- Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves
- Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses
| - Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula
- Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications in optical fibers
- Refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lensmaker’s formula
- Magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, combination of a lens and a mirror
- Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism
- Scattering of light, blue color of the sky, and reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset
- Optical instruments: Human eye, image formation and accommodation, correction of eye defects (myopia and hypermetropia) using lenses
- Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers
- Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens’ principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wavefronts
- Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens’ principle
- Interference, Young’s double-hole experiment, and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light
- Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum
- Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes
- Polarization, plane-polarized light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane-polarized light, and Polaroids
|
Unit 7: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation | Unit 8: Atoms and Nuclei |
- Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations
- Einstein’s photoelectric equation, particle nature of light
- Matter waves, wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation
- Davisson-Germer experiment (experimental details should be omitted; only the conclusion should be explained)
| - Alpha-particle scattering experiments
- Rutherford’s model of the atom
- Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum
- Composition and size of the nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars, isotones
- Radioactivity, alpha, beta, and gamma particles/rays and their properties, decay law
- Mass-energy relation, mass defect, binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number
- Nuclear fission and fusion
|
Unit 9: Electronic Devices | — |
- Energy bands in solids (qualitative ideas only), conductors, insulators, and semiconductors
- Semiconductor diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier
- I-V characteristics of LED, diode, solar cell, and Zener diode
- Zener diode as a voltage regulator
- Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor
- Transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator
- Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR)
- Transistor as a switch
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