Atoms, Molecules, and Chemical Arithmetic | Dalton’s atomic theory, Avogadro’s Hypothesis, Mole concept, Balanced chemical equations, Concentration units (molarity, molality, normality) |
Atomic Structure | Rutherford’s model, Bohr’s model, Quantum numbers, Electron configurations, Dual nature of matter |
Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry | Radioactive decay, Half-life, Radioisotopes, Nuclear fission and fusion |
The Periodic Table and Chemical Families | Modern periodic table, Periodic trends, Properties of elements (atomic radii, ionization energy, electronegativity) |
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure | Octet rule, Covalent bonds, Hybridization, Molecular shapes, Resonance, Hydrogen bonding |
Coordination Compounds | Werner's theory, Coordination number, IUPAC nomenclature |
Solid State | Types of solids, Unit cell, Packing in solids, Band theory of metals |
Liquid State | Vapour pressure, Viscosity, Surface tension |
Gaseous State | Boyle’s Law, Charles Law, Ideal gas equation, Dalton's Law, Real gases |
Chemical Energetics and Chemical Dynamics | First law of thermodynamics, Enthalpy change, Hess’s Law, Equilibrium constants, Le Chatelier's Principle, Reaction rates |
Physical Chemistry of Solutions | Colloidal solutions, Raoult’s Law, Colligative properties |
Ionic and Redox Equilibria | Ionization of weak electrolytes, pH scale, Buffer solutions, Redox reactions, Nernst equation |
Hydrogen | Preparation, properties, uses of hydrogen, Hydrides, Heavy water, Hydrogen peroxide |
Chemistry of Non-Metallic Elements and their Compounds | Allotropes of carbon, Preparation and properties of NH3, HNO3, H2SO4, Halogens |
Chemistry of Metals | Metallurgy principles, Properties and reactions of typical metals (Na, Ca, Al, Fe, Cu, Zn), Electroplating |
Chemistry in Industry | Production and uses of H2SO4, NH3, HNO3, Sodium bicarbonate, Polymers |
Surface Chemistry | Adsorption, Catalysis, Colloidal state, Emulsions |
Environmental Chemistry | Air, water, soil pollution, Ozone layer, Greenhouse effect, Global warming |
Chemistry of Carbon Compounds | Hybridization, Isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, Stability of carbocations and carbanions, Electrophiles and nucleophiles |
Compounds | Preparation and reactions of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, haloalkanes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines, aromatic compounds |
Application Oriented Chemistry | Ingredients and effects of antiseptics, analgesics, antacids, Vitamin-C |
Introduction to Biomolecules | Carbohydrates, Amino acids, Peptide bond, ADP and ATP, Nucleic acids |
Principles of Qualitative Analysis | Detection of acid and basic radicals, Functional groups in organic compounds |
