Physical World and Measurement | - Physical quantities
- Units and measurements
- Dimensional analysis
- Accuracy and precision of instruments
- Errors in measurements
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Current Electricity | - Electric current and its sources
- Drift velocity and Ohm’s law
- Electrical resistivity and conductivity
- Series and parallel combinations of resistors
- Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications
- Potentiometer, metre bridge
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Communication Systems | - Basic concepts of communication systems
- Need for modulation
- Types of modulation: amplitude and frequency modulation
- Propagation of electromagnetic waves
- Satellite and optical fibre communications
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Electrostatics | - Electric charges, properties of electric charge
- Coulomb’s law
- Electric field and electric dipole
- Electric flux, Gauss’s law, and its applications
- Potential energy and potential difference
- Equipotential surfaces
- Capacitors and capacitance
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Laws of Motion | - Newton’s laws of motion and their applications
- Inertia, impulse, and momentum
- Conservation of linear momentum
- Friction – laws of friction, applications
- Circular motion and dynamics of uniform circular motion
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Properties of Bulk Matter | - Elastic behaviour and Hooke’s Law
- Stress-strain relationship
- Pressure due to a fluid column
- Pascal’s law and its applications
- Viscosity, Stoke’s law, terminal velocity
- Surface energy, surface tension
- Heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation
- Newton’s law of cooling
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Electronic Devices | - Semiconductors and their properties
- P-N junction diode, its characteristics
- Rectification, Zener diode, transistors
- Logic gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR)
- Use of semiconductors in electronics
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Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism | - Biot-Savart law and Ampere’s law
- Magnetic field due to a current-carrying conductor
- Force on a moving charge in a magnetic field
- Torque on a current loop
- Moving coil galvanometer
- Electromagnetic induction: Faraday’s laws, Lenz’s law
- Alternating currents, transformer, and AC generator
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Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation | - Photoelectric effect
- Einstein’s photoelectric equation
- Wave-particle duality of matter
- De Broglie hypothesis
- X-rays: production, properties, and uses
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Kinematics | - Motion in a straight line and motion in a plane
- Velocity and acceleration
- Uniform and non-uniform motion
- Uniformly accelerated motion
- Scalar and vector quantities
- Relative velocity
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Thermodynamics | - Thermal equilibrium and temperature
- Heat, work, and internal energy
- First law of thermodynamics
- Second law of thermodynamics
- Reversible and irreversible processes
- Carnot engine, efficiency
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Electromagnetic Waves | - Displacement current
- Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves to gamma rays)
- Properties of electromagnetic waves
- Uses of different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum
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Work, Energy and Power | - Work done by a constant force and a variable force
- Kinetic energy, potential energy
- Work-energy theorem
- Conservation of mechanical energy
- Power
- Elastic and inelastic collisions
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Oscillations and Waves | - Simple harmonic motion: oscillatory motion and its characteristics
- Energy in SHM: kinetic and potential energies
- Damped and forced oscillations, resonance
- Wave motion: transverse and longitudinal waves
- Speed of a wave, superposition principle, interference
- Standing waves, Doppler effect
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Optics | - Reflection and refraction of light
- Mirror formula, lens formula, and magnification
- Total internal reflection
- Wave optics: Huygens’ principle, Young’s double-slit experiment
- Diffraction, interference of light
- Polarisation
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Gravitation | - Newton’s law of gravitation
- Gravitational potential energy
- Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude, depth
- Kepler’s laws of planetary motion
- Orbital velocity, escape velocity
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Atoms and Nuclei | - Atomic models: Rutherford and Bohr’s model
- Energy levels, line spectra
- Radioactivity: alpha, beta, and gamma decay
- Nuclear fission and fusion
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Behaviour of Perfect Gas and Kinetic Theory | - Equation of state of a perfect gas
- Kinetic theory of gases: assumptions, concept of pressure
- Average kinetic energy of molecules, degrees of freedom
- Law of equipartition of energy
- Specific heat capacities of gases
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Motion of Systems of Particles and Rigid Body | - The centre of mass of a system of particles
- Motion of the centre of mass
- Rotational motion
- Torque, angular momentum
- Moment of inertia, radius of gyration
- Conservation of angular momentum
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